West Fraser Timber | Learning@WFT | Library

the state of a substance that contains acid. Paper becomes acidic from the ingredients used in its manufacture, from the environment or both

trees that have naturally grown under a mature forest and are capable of becoming the next crop after the mature trees are removed

any plant, animal (including humans) and natural occurrences (weather, fire, earthquakes, etc.) that have the potential to alter the forest ecosystem


	Of each tree harvested, 95% goes into useful products such as lumber or plywood, or into fuel to co-generate power for the mill. The remaining 5% of the tree is left to naturally biodegrade, enriching the soil and supporting natural regeneration. Despite the devastating effects that fires can have, as a natural process fire does NOT destroy a forest, but rejuvenates it.

matter being put into the air which causes harm to living organisms

the amount of wood that can be taken from an area each year without having a negative effect on the forest or local environment

an astringent crystalline substance used in rosin sizing to hold paper fibers together and responsible for introducing acid into the paper

starting a new forest by planting seedlings or by planting seeds

the mass of air surrounding the Earth like a blanket. It contains all the gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide that living things need to survive

tough protective outer layer on tree trucks, branches and twigs

amount of force needed to bend a piece of wood

capable of being broken down in nature

the full spectrum of plants and animal life across ecosystems; includes genetic diversity, species diversity, landscape diversity and ecosystem diversity

the total mass of living organisms (plants, fungus, animals) per unit of area

removing trees in blocks; often used to manage wildlife, encourage natural regeneration or to protect fragile sites

a float of logs kept together by securing the outer logs so that the inner logs cannot float away

comprising the northern area characterized especially by dominance of coniferous forests

a process that neutralizes a paper's acidity over time by adding an alkaline substance, like calcium carbonate, at the pulp stage. Buffering helps reduce the acidity of paper over time.

something produced or manufactured in addition to the main product

layer of a tree truck under the bark (the layer where the tree's width growth occurs)

colourless, odourless gas which humans produces when they breathe and that plants use in photosynthesis; a gas found in our atmosphere that has one molecule of carbon a two molecules of oxygen

a place where carbon is stored, for example in the deposits of underground fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal)

a place where carbon is accumulating or increasing

the chief part of the cell walls of plants

distance around a circular object

clearing a small or large area of forest of all it's trees; in most cases to mimic natural disturbances such as fire, wind or insect damage

the average (typically 30 years) weather, including seasonal extremes and variations, that occurs either locally, regionally or globally

the weather conditions of a place

the overall change in weather patterns – temperature, precipitation, wind, etc.

forest community that represents the final mature stages of natural forest succession

plant species capable of moving into an area and beginning the process of succession

burning, any chemical process accompanied by the emission of heat and light, typically by combination with oxygen

forest land that is able to grow commercial coniferous (softwoods), deciduous (hardwoods), and mixed woods timber within an acceptable timeframe

any group living in the same area or having similar interests, work, etc

force it takes to collapse by pressing

seed bearing structure of a coniferous tree that is usually quite woody

cone bearing trees having needles or scale-like leaves usually evergreen and producing wood known commercially as “softwoods”. Larches are the only BC coniferous trees which drop their needles in winter

an animal or plant that uses the forest

component materials - linerboard and corrugating medium - used in the manufacture of shipping containers and other corrugated board products

tree that has broad leaves and generally loses its leaves in winter producing wood known commercially as “hardwoods” (The arbutus tree is the only broad-leaved evergreen tree in Canada. It is found along the southern coast of BC.)

the process that biological materials (plant, animal) go through, breaking up (disintegrating, rotting) into component parts or elements

the removal of forests, the conversion of forested land to other uses, such as agriculture

a machine that cuts the limbs off trees and then cuts the trees into desired lengths

relying on for support

one who wrecks or ruins

distance of a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle

the molecular mixing of one substance into another

nothing in between; connected

natural ability of the wood to resist decay; degree to which paper retains its original qualities with use

study of plant life in relation to the environment

a complex community of organisms and the environment they live in. This includes all animals, plants, fungi, insects, bacteria, soil, air, water, rocks and people

out-flowing stream from a process or confined space. The term is most often applied in liquid discharges into receiving waters

height of land above sea level

the amount of energy used throughout the whole manufacturing process from extracting the resource through to manufacturing the final product

any waste by-product discharged to the environment (water, air or land)

natural processes that keep the Earth healthy, much like the natural processes of our bodies (breathing, blood circulation). For example, the carbon cycle and the water cycle are environmental processes. By interfering with these processes, we can affect the health of the planet

the process which changes a substance from liquid to vapour or gas, the way water evaporates into the air

stand of trees where most of the trees are the same age often occurring as a result of a single regeneration event such as planting or after a fire

a harvesting machine that cuts a tree with shears or a saw and then piles it

the slender, thread-like cellulose structures that cohere to form a sheet of paper

generic term to describe the nonoxidizing clays or minerals added to the pulp at the beater stage to improve paper density

term used to describe the cutting, sorting, trimming and packing of paper

combustion resulting in light, flame and heat

all forest organisms and their environment

all the businesses and manufactures that harvest trees and manufacture wood products

a predetermined area that is used to help plan and manage for the long-term health of a forest

items extracted from the forest for human use (e.g.: timber, pulp and paper, extracts such as turpentine and other chemicals, maple syrup, and so on.)

a way of classifying large land areas that share similar types of trees and plants

the gradual process through which plant communities (especially trees) establish, live, grow old and die, leaving space and nutrients for new growth

a person in charge of, or skilled in forest management

carbon based remains of organic matter that have been geologically transformed into coal, oil and natural gas. Combustion of these substances releases large amounts of energy

(GLOBAL COOLING) refers to a change in the global average surface temperature

direction in which the fibers of machine-made paper lie due to the motion of the machine. When machine-made paper is moistened, the fibers swell more across their width than along their length, so the paper tends to expand at right angles to the machine direction. Handmade and mouldmade papers have indistinguishable grain directions

the role that various gases in the Earth's atmosphere play in insulating and warming the Earth's surface

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour; found naturally in the Earth's atmosphere, which trap the heat of the sun

place where an organism lives and the condition of the environment including soil, vegetation, water and food

forests dominated by deciduous trees, characterised by broad-leaved foliage

something that is not good for the forest

dead wood at the centre of a tree giving the tree its strength

something that is good for the forest

classified according to the World Conservation Union categories, these areas designated by federal and provincial agencies are protected by legislation from commercial harvesting

secondary; something comes in between

papers made predominantly from wood pulp produced by the sulphate pulping process. They are comparatively coarse, noted particularly for their strength and, in unbleached grades, used primarily as wrappers or packaging materials. They can be converted into a wide variety of products such as grocers' bags, envelopes, multiwall sacks, tire wraps, butchers' wraps, etc

a plan designed to designate land for various purposes (industrial, residential, commercial, agriculture, forestry, parks, etc.)

a substance that with cellulose forms the cell walls of plants making them rigid and woody

a wheeled or tracked machine that loads logs onto a logging truck

a way of planning to manage or look after a forest

one who takes charge of the forest so that it will continue with new growth to replace the trees that have been harvested; one who sustains a forest

market pulp is pulp sold in competition with other suppliers where there is no control of the buying/selling decision of one party by the other. The Canadian definition includes all pulp sold to overseas markets

coated or uncoated papers, excluding newsprint, containing more than 10 percent of fibres from a mechanical pulping process. They include papers for magazines, catalogues, directories, books, etc

found in nature; original state

renewal of a tree crop by nature as opposed to human means

general term used to describe paper between 40 g/m2 and 57 g/m2 used primarily in the publication of newspapers

a substance that does not have the ability to reproduce or replenish itself

work; profession; job

forests typically found in alpine or subarctic regions where the trees are sparser and smaller

comes from living organisms

oriented strand board – a piece of lumber made from wood strands glued and pressed together

a highly reactive bluish coloured gas containing three molecules of oxygen, It is created from oxygen when electrical charges from lightning or machinery park and cause a reaction

category includes containerboard and boxboard

layers of cells in the tree truck which carry sugar from the leaves to the other parts of the plant (as these cells die they become the tree's bark)

the process that occurs in plants in the presence of sunlight converting carbon dioxide into sugars, water and oxygen

plants that grow on newly exposed soil

a single web of paper, used by itself or laminated onto one or more additional webs as it is run through the paper machine

a substance added to food or wood to extend its life

Includes papers for magazines, catalogues, envelope, books, stationery, etc

these forests usually protect sensitive sites, such as watersheds and steep slopes and are protected from harvesting by policy

a general term describing the beaten, wet mixture of stock used in making paper, whether its contents are wood, cotton or other fibers

distance of a straight line drawn from the centre of a circle to the outer edge

to process in order to regain material for human use

to help a forest regrow by planting or aiding natural reseeding from the remaining trees (called natural regeneration)

natural or artificial restocking of an area with forest trees

the planned management of forests, wildlife, and fisheries to ensure their long-term survival; may also include oil, natural gas, minerals, etc

the process of carbon dioxide release in plants

the person responsible for removing the bark from the trees in the forest

any type of paper used for sanitary disposable purposes. Generally these papers are absorbent, bulky and have a soft texture

layer of the tree truck that carries the water and nutrients from the soil to the leaves (this layer becomes the heartwood when it dies)

the planned removal of selected trees in a forested area to improve the health and growth of that stand

series of changes that occur in the ecological succession of a plant community, e.g. pioneer stage to climax stage

the theory and practice of planting, growing and managing forest stands for their optimum health and often for specific objectives (e.g.: timber production)

a wheeled or tracked vehicle used for sliding and dragging logs from stump to landing

waste by-products (such as ink and fibre particles from recycled waste paper)

the predominant forests in Canada. Softwood forests are made up primarily of coniferous trees, characterised by needle-like foliage

greaseproof and glassine papers are generally made from mechanical wood pulp and are highly hydrated so that paper is resistant to oil and grease. Glassine papers are supercalendered and transparent or opaque

larger annual growth ring cells of a tree trunk that grow in the spring (as opposed to the denser smaller summerwood cells)

a substance used to colour wood

collecting timber in one place before transport direct to the mill for processing (also YARDING)

replacement of one plant community with another by progressive development towards climax vegetation

smaller denser annual growth ring cells of a tree truck that grow during the summer (as opposed to the larger less dense springwood cells)

to continue existing

to maintain an ecological balance to avoid depletion of our forests

subject to a range of definitions but most refer to the struggle to balance competing human demands for resources with current and long-term ecological needs

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

similar to the above; managing forests with a recognition of environmental, social and economic needs for the future as well as the present, thereby optimizing the forest as a renewable resource

managing and using the forest to meet the various needs of today's society, while maintaining the productive capacity of natural forest ecosystems and the biodiversity of the forest

the person who removes smaller trees so that the larger trees are not damaged when they fall

gradual reduction in thickness to one end

force it takes to bend or pull fibres apart

the property of a material which makes it a good insulator performance against heat or cold

a mark that is stamped into the end of a piece of timber to show which company owns it or that it has been harvested according to specific guidelines

the physical features of a geographical area such as hills, valleys, etc

wood products that have been re-manufactured to increase it value (e.g.: 2x6 laminated beam)

matter being put into the water supply which cause harm to living organisms

the land area drained by a river and its tributaries

temperature, snowfall and rainfall, winds and clouds, that change from day to day and season to season in a particular location

any unplanned fire, often started by lightening, sparks or human carelessness

gathering the logs in one place before moving them to the mill (also STOCKPILING)